High evidence 0Moderate evidence 3Low evidence 0Very low evidence 0
Multiple (network Meta-analysis) is shown as a marketed evidence record where applicable. Findings describe observed research and regulatory records; they do not provide treatment advice.
Thin or bounded evidence here means uncertainty remains visible. It is not evidence that an effect has been ruled out.
Multiple (network Meta-analysis)MARKETED
comparative-efficacyDecrease
Moderate evidence
Across 56 trials, semaglutide and tirzepatide are the leading agents on weight and carry the broadest proven extra-glycaemic benefits.
SourceGLP-1-based therapies for obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis, Nat Med 2025Source
PopulationPeer-reviewed RCT / meta-analysis
Fundingacademic / non-commercial
Scope limitsNetwork meta-analysis -> moderate; indirect comparisons. Useful as a class-comparative synthesis anchor.
Multiple (network Meta-analysis)MARKETED
comparative-efficacyDecrease
Moderate evidence
Bariatric surgery still beats GLP-1 drugs on weight overall, but tirzepatide narrows the gap to non-significance versus surgery.
SourceBariatric surgery versus GLP-1 receptor agonists: network meta-analysis, Obesity 2025Source
PopulationPeer-reviewed RCT / meta-analysis
Fundingacademic / non-commercial
Scope limitsNetwork meta-analysis (indirect) -> moderate. Both-poled: surgery superior overall, tirzepatide-vs-surgery NS.
Thin or bounded evidence here means uncertainty remains visible. It is not evidence that an effect has been ruled out.
Multiple (network Meta-analysis)MARKETED
hepatic-mashDecrease
Moderate evidence
In a network meta-analysis of MASH MRI-PDFF trials, efinopegdutide ranked highest among incretin agents for achieving ≥30% liver-fat decline at 24 weeks; FGF21...
SourceKoh B et al. Comparative efficacy of pharmacologic therapies for MASH in reducing liver f...Source
Full findingIn a network meta-analysis of MASH MRI-PDFF trials, efinopegdutide ranked highest among incretin agents for achieving ≥30% liver-fat decline at 24 weeks; FGF21 analogues/pioglitazone led absolute PDFF reduction.
Population39 RCTs, 3311 participants with MASH, MRI-PDFF endpoint; systematic review and network meta-analysis (search to Dec 2023)
Fundingacademic-Singapore NMRC and NIH (NCATS/NIDDK/NHLBI)/John C Martin Foundation
Scope limitsIndirect comparison (network meta-analysis), not head-to-head RCT — ranking is hypothesis-generating. Incretin agents did not top absolute PDFF reduction vs FGF21 analogues, a tension with the obesity/glycaemic emphasis on incretins.